In homeopathy medicine developed immunizations in damage nephrons in kidney, so kidney function is not damaged further and become strong, after homeopathy treatment decreased s.creatinin and BUN level day by day.

End stage of renal failure due to diabetes mellitus or Hypertension patient his S.creatinin level should 6 to 7. In this stage we can cure or re-establish kidney or renal functions. Patient under going heamodialysis and after kidney transplantation, homeopathy medicine work very well.

Patient had no blood pressure and no diabetes then his S.creatinie level is more then 6 in early stage homeopathy medicine reestablished Kidney functions very well.

There are not curative procedures for CRF but instead they keep a person alive by performing the crucial functions of the kidneys. Homeopathy stimulates one’s immune system to perform normal functions in this way so that damaged kidneys start functioning normally.

TYPE OF RENAL FAILURE:

Pre renal

Decreased blood flow is one cause of damage to the kidney. Acute renal failure may occur when there is extremely low blood pressure; the patient may suffer from trauma, septic shock, haemorrhage, severe vomiting, diarrhea, burns and associated dehydration or other severe or complicated illness.

Intra renal

Renal failure usually occurs as the internal structures of the kidney and is suddenly or slowly destroyed. It is a complex chronic failure commonly noticed with hypertension and diabetes damage the vascular walls. Smoking causes atherosclerotic changes of the arterial walls. Nephrotoxic drugs and metals.

Post renal

A simple mechanical or functional obstruction to the free flow of urine precludes, its excretion and renal failure occurs. It commonly happens with kidney stones, urethral stricture and prost. The symptoms are sudden in acute renal failure and gradual in chronic.

Sine and Symptoms:

Increased Blood pressure, Weight Loose, Proteins pass in urine, General weakness, swellsround the eyes, Persistentfatigueandshortness ofbreath. Lossofappetiteandweightloss. Pale, dry and itchy skin. Muscular cramps and twitching. Headache, nausea, vomit andhiccups.

HOMEOPATHY TREATMENT BENEFIT FOR KIDNEY PATIENTS:

1. Early stage renal failure due to Diabetes and Hypertension patients who are suffering from Kidney disease they must take homeopathic treatment.

2. Healthy persons who have strong family history of renal failure should take classical homeopathic treatment to avoid the risk of renal failure.

3. Persons who are having symptoms of early renal failure of unknown etiology, then homeopathy medicine work very well.

4. Kidney patients of any stage should start homeopathic treatment earliest possible for avoiding passing into the complete renal.

5. Patients who are waiting for renal transplantation should start homeopathic treatment which can stop the urgent need of kidney donor.

6. Patients who are on dialysis can get rid of the frequent dialysis by taking classical homeopathic treatment.

Let us say it is never too late to start homeopathic treatment; all patients should start it as soon as they come to know about benefits of homeopathy.

ALLOPATHIC V/S HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT:

1) In comparison to life long treatment in Allopath or conversional therapy. Homeopathic medicines can be stopped in 2 to 5 years depending on the severity and underlying causes of the disease.

2) Allopathic cannot repair damaged Kidney. Modern medicines try to facilitate the body’s waste products to pass out by the process of dialysis through artificial means or by a kidney , transplanted from a Donor .Though Homeopathy does not provide any substitute for any organ (Kidney) but it can revive the damaged organ as it has been proven many times in my treatment of TB cases where I always found normal tissue in place of fibrocavitory lesions

3) Allopathic process of dialysis cannot be stopped once a patient starts on it. As the time passes this procedure has to be done more frequently. Patient’s kidney starts improving as soon as he starts taking homeopathic treatment. It helps the patient to withdraw from dialysis.

4) In modern medicine there is no curative procedure for CRF in. Kidney transplantation and Dialysis do not cure renal failure, but instead keep a person alive by performing the crucial functions of the kidneys. But homeopathy stimulates one’s immune system to perform normal functions, in this way damaged kidneys start functioning normally.

5) There is very high percentage of rejection of new kidney received from a Donor but if such patient starts taking homeopathic treatment that would minimize the rejection percentage.

6) Allopathic treatment Patient has to spend Rs.10000 to 20000/- per month exclusively on medicines. Expenses of hospital’s fee and investigations are superfluous. Homeopathic treatment cost depends upon the severity of the disease and knowledge and experience of the doctor even the costliest doctor’s treatment remains quite economical as compared to allopathic expenses.

7) In case of patients who receive transplanted Kidneys diseases associated with Kidneys like Diabetes mellitus and Hypertension may become uncontrolled in spite of taking full medical care. But Classical Homeopathic treatment not only repairs the damaged kidneys but also it helps in maintaining the blood sugar level and blood pressure to a normal level.

END STAGE RENAL FAILURE AND HOMEOPATHY MANAGEMENT.

The state of patient with end stage renal failure or progressive reversible chronic renal disease is very pathetic not only for the patient itself but also for the family and society as a whole.

In homeopathic treatment case individualization, modality & mental symptoms are the necessary part to select find out exact similimum homeopathic medicine. Homoeopathy does wonder here and has prevented a large number of cases progressing to Hemodialysis and Renal Transplant.

THE ROLE OF HOMEOPATHY IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

Homoeopathy has already done a significant service to the society here as hemodialysis and renal transplant are not within easy reach of majority of population in under- developed countries. In developing country hemodialysis and kidney transplant are very costly treatment service for CRF patients that everybody can’t afford it while homeopathy is cheaper & easy treatment.

•1. Homeopathic treatment in CRF patients’ medical history:

•2. Patients with end-stage chronic renal failure pending Hemodialysis & Renal Transplant:

•3. Homeopathic treatment under long-term hemodialysis pending renal transplant

•4. Homeopathic treatment in dialysis complications

•5. Homeopathic treatment for Post Renal Transplant Patients:

1. Homeopathic treatment in CRF patients’ medical history:

Homeopathy medical science is a great for renal failure patient but unfortunately we are not received number of cases.
Patients mostly complaining of nausea, anorexia and progressive weakness. The laboratory renal parameters are disturbed. The evolution of individualized, totality, modality, mentality, past and family history require lots of patience and labor but the results are marvelous.

2. Patients with end-stage chronic renal failure pending Hemodialysis & Renal Transplant:

This is the group of cases with maximum presentations in the clinics. Majority of these cases come to homoeopathic rescue as a last resort as they can’t afford long-term dialysis and transplant.
The other small group of patients want to know the benefits of Homoeopathic treatment over dialysis and if Homoeopathic treatment be carried along with Hemodialysis? The clinical judgment is individualized and varies for every patient. Remember the correlation of uremic symptoms with renal functions varies front patient to patient.

3. Homeopathic treatment under long-term hemodialysis pending renal transplant:

Homeopathy has a great role to play here. Research experiments in various hospitals reveals the following facts :
(a) Indicated homoeopathic remedies reduced the number of dialysis needed over a period of time.
(b) Indicated homoeopathic remedies reduce and overcome the complications associated with chronic dialysis therapy.

4.Homeopathic treatment in dialysis complications

Remember a chronic dialysis patient depends on a machine for his life. These patients develop a variety of psychiatric, neurologic and somatic disorders. A neurologic disorder ‘Dialysis dementia’ is a characteristic example.
In the mental sphere, these patients become very depressive, their reduced physical abilities make them sad and depressive
they become very irritable like
they know that they have to depend on others, they tolerate and do not express the frustration like
In the physical sphere infections, thrombosis and aneurysm formation occur in the Arterio-venous fistula. There is a high incidence of septic embolisation in these cases. The homoeopathic remedies Arnica chelendula Q have immensely helped these cases.
Heparin necessary during the hemodialysis procedures to prevent clotting leads to complications such as subdural hematoma and intracerebral hemorrhage. Arnica and different well-proved snake poisons in our Materia Medica are of great help here. .

5. Homeopathic treatment for Post Renal Transplant Patients:

The group of patients coming for homoeopathic advice after Renal Transplant is very limited. Homeopaths have very little experience with these patients and the results are not very encouraging. Most of the symptoms here are marked and distorted by immune-suppressive therapy. Immune-suppressive therapy suppresses all immune responses and hence Homoeopathic treatment has not much role to play in organ rejection of transplant cases.

The treatment of Kidney disease can be quite successful with Homeopathy, often in conjunction with allopathic medicine in advanced cases. In early stages, particularly with chronic renal disease, nephritic syndrome, stone formations in Kidney, Bladder, UTI infections, the success rate is close to 40% to 70 % with compliance by the patient.

Things to be avoided for people suffering from peptic ulcers:

• Don’t smoke
• Limit or avoid alcohol
• Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Control acid reflux

Role of Homeopathy in Peptic Ulcer:
Homeopathic medicines are very gentle and mild. Recurrent problems of acidity and heartburn experienced by the person suffering from peptic ulcer will find definite relief in his complains with homeopathic medicines. The biggest advantage of homeopathic medicines in such situation is that it will help in preventing peptic ulcer from progressing and will help in faster healing of ulcer. Those who need to regularly depend on pain reliving pills for their joint complains, of headaches or non specific body pains are at higher risk of developing peptic ulcer. Homeopathy offers to treat those conditions which require being dependant on such pain relievers on regular basis. This is how homeopathy can be useful in multiple ways. As safe treatment option for your recurrent pains as well as preventive treatment for future health problems.

Migraine headache is a type of vascular headache.

Migraine headache is caused by:

• Enlargement of blood vessels
• Action of certain chemicals on the blood vessels

Some researchers think migraines may be caused by functional changes in the trigeminal nerve system, a major pain pathway in nervous system, and by imbalances in brain chemicals, including serotonin, which plays a regulatory role for pain messages going through this pathway. During a headache, serotonin levels drop. Researchers believe this causes the trigeminal nerve to release substances called neuropeptides, which travel to your brain’s outer covering (meninges). There they cause blood vessels to become dilated and inflamed. The result is headache pain. During an attack, an artery that lies on the outside of the skull just under the skin of the temple enlarges (Temporal artery). Enlargement of this artery stretches the nerves around the artery and causes the release of certain chemicals. These chemicals are then responsible for inflammatory changes and pain.

The sympathetic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that controls initial responses to stress and pain. Migraine attacks commonly activate the sympathetic nervous system in the body. The increased sympathetic nervous activity affects different body systems in different ways to bring about various symptoms in migraine attack.

• In intestine: Nausea, Vomiting, And Diarrhea
• In stomach: Delayed emptying of the stomach into the small intestine which reduces effectiveness of oral pain relieving drugs
• The circulatory system: Decreases circulation, results in pallor of the skin, cold hands and feet.
• Sensory nervous system: Heightened sensitivity to light and sound and blurred vision.

Most common symptoms of Migraine headache:

• Intense, throbbing pain
• The pain usually one sided, both sides, change side during every new attack,
• A migraine headache usually is aggravated by walking upstairs.
• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, facial pallor, cold hands, cold feet, and sensitivity to light and sound common with migraine headaches
• Migraine sufferers usually prefer to lie in a quiet, dark room during an attack.
• The duration of attack may be from few hours to few days

Some migraine headaches are preceded by an aura. The most common auras are:

• Flashing, brightly colored lights in a zigzag pattern
• A hole in the visual field, also known as a blind spot
• Pins-and-needles sensations in the hand and the arm on one side or pins-and-needles sensations around the mouth and the nose on the same side
• Auditory hallucinations
• Abnormal tastes
• Abnormal smells

Some migraines are associated with neurological disturbances:

• Vertebrobasilar migraines are characterized by dysfunction of the brainstem
  • Fainting as an aura
  • Vertigo
  • Double vision
• Hemiplegic migraines:
  • Paralysis
  • Weakness of one side of the body
  • The duration may be few hours to few days
• Post migraine attack problems are:
  • Feeling of drained energy levels
  • Experience a low-grade headache along with sensitivity to light and sound
  • Recurrences of the headache during this period

Migraine headaches are usually diagnosed when the history. Migraine generally begins in childhood to early adulthood. A family history is usually present, which indicates genetic influence in migraine patients.

Migraine Triggers:

• Stress
• Sleep disturbances
• Fasting
• Hormones
• Bright or flickering lights
• Odors
• Cigarette smoke
• Alcohol
• Food: aged cheeses, chocolate, monosodium glutamate, nitrites, aspartame, and caffeine

Life-style modifications for migraine sufferers include:

• Go to sleep and waking up at the same time each day
• Exercise regular
• Do not skip meals, and avoiding prolonged fasting
• Limit stress through regular exercise and relaxation techniques
• Limit caffeine consumption to less than two caffeine-containing beverages a day
• Avoid bright or flashing lights and wearing sunglasses if sunlight is a trigger
• Identify and avoid foods that trigger headaches by keeping a headache and food diary.
• Review the diary with your doctor.
• It is impractical to adopt a diet that avoids all known migraine triggers, however, it is reasonable to avoid foods that consistently trigger migraine headaches

Role of Homeopathy in Migraine:
Homeopathy has proved its efficacy in various types of Migraine. Homeopathy successfully treats migraine in more than 80% of cases in all age groups. Constitutional homeopathic treatment approach is the best suitable approach to the treatment of migraine. You may not have to take pain reliving medicines during acute episode of pain as homeopathic medicines act promptly even during acute episode of pain when fast relief is desired by the patients. Patients will have to take regular course of medicines even when there is no pain so that subsequent attacks of migraine attacks are reduced in intensity and frequency. The duration of treatment is variable from patient to patient.

Lumbar Spondylosis describes bony overgrowths also known as osteophytes, in medical term. These are predominantly at the anterior (front side of the body), lateral sides of the body), and, less commonly, posterior aspects (back side) of the superior and inferior margins of vertebral bodies. This dynamic process increases with, and is an unavoidable effect of the growing age.

Lumbar spondylosis usually produces no symptoms. When back or sciatic pains are complaints, lumbar spondylosis usually is an unrelated finding. Given the frequency and size of lumbar osteophytes they have long been thought to cause back pain. This has led to many studies of the distribution of vertebral osteophytes, not all of which are pertinent. There is no greater frequency of signs or symptoms among individuals with osteophytes than among those without osteophytes. Lumbar spondylosis usually is asymptomatic, with no diagnostic or prognostic significance. Internationally, lumbar spondylosis can begin in persons as young as 20 years. Approximately 80% of men and 70% of women have vertebral osteophytes, most frequently at T10-11 and L5 levels. Approximately 40% of men and 35% of women aged 50-60 years have lumbar osteophytes. Gender ratio reports are equal.

Lumbar spondylosis occurs in animals with upright posture (e.g. chimpanzees) and, possibly, in some domestic animals. Lumbar spondylosis appears to be a nonspecific aging phenomenon. Most studies suggest no relationship to lifestyle, height, weight, body mass, physical activity, cigarette and alcohol consumption, or reproductive history. The effects of heavy physical activity are controversial, as is a purported relationship to disk degeneration. Spondylosis occurs as a result of new bone formation in areas where the annular ligament is stressed. When back or sciatic pains are complaints, lumbar spondylosis usually is an unrelated finding. There usually are no findings unless a complication ensues.

The low back, or lumbar area, serves a number of important functions for the human body. These functions include structural support, movement, and protection of certain body tissues. When we stand, the lower back is functioning to hold most of the weight of the body. When we bend, extend or rotate at the waist, the lower back is involved in the movement. Therefore, injury to the structures important for weight bearing, such as the bony spine, muscles, tendons, and ligaments, often can be detected when the body is standing erect or used in various movements. Protecting the soft tissues of the nervous system and spinal cord as well as nearby organs of the pelvis and abdomen is a critical function the lumbar spine and its adjacent muscles.

Common causes of low back pain:

1. Lumbar strain — acute or chronic:
   A lumbar strain is a stretching injury to the ligaments, tendons, and muscles of the low back. The stretching incident results in microscopic tears of varying degrees in these tissues. Lumbar strain is considered one of the most common causes of low back pain. The injury can occur because of overuse, improper use, or trauma. Soft-tissue injury is commonly termed as acute if it has been present for days to weeks. If the strain lasts longer than three months, it is called as chronic.

   Lumbar strain can happen at any age. The condition is characterized by localized pain in the low back area after mechanical stress on the lumbar tissues. The severity of the injury ranges from mild to severe, depending on the degree of strain and resulting spasm of the muscles of the low back. The diagnosis of lumbar strain is based on the history of injury, the location of the pain, and exclusion of nervous system injury. Usually, x-ray testing is only helpful to exclude bone abnormalities.

   The treatment of lumbar strain consists of resting the back, medications to relieve pain and muscle spasm, local heat applications, massage, and eventual reconditioning exercises to strengthen the low back and abdominal muscles. Spinal manipulation for periods of up to one month has been found helpful in some patients that do not have signs of nerve irritation.

2.  Nerve irritation:
The nerves of the lumbar spine can be irritated by mechanical impingement or disease any where along their paths from their roots at the spinal cord to the skin surface. These conditions include lumbar disc disease (radiculopathy), bony encroachment, and inflammation of the nerves caused by a viral infection like shingles.

3.  Lumbar radiculopathy
Lumbar radiculopathy is nerve irritation that is caused by damage to the discs between the vertebrae. Damage to the disc occurs because of degeneration also known as wear and tear of the outer ring of the disc, traumatic injury, or both. As a result, the central softer portion of the disc can rupture and herniate through the outer ring of the disc and abut the spinal cord or its nerves as they exit the bony spinal column. This rupture is what causes the commonly recognized sciatica pain that shoots down the leg. Sciatica can be preceded by a history of localized low-back pain or it can be accompanied by numbness and tingling. The pain commonly increases with movements at the waist and can increase with coughing or sneezing. In more severe instances, sciatica can be accompanied by decreased control over urine and stool. Lumbar radiculopathy is suspected based on the above symptoms. Increased radiating pain when the lower extremity is lifted supports the diagnosis. Other tests include Electromyogram and Nerve Conduction Velocity of the lower extremities can be help to detect nerve irritation. The actual disc herniation can be detected with radiology testing, such as CT or MRI scanning

Treatment of lumbar radiculopathy ranges from medical management to surgery. Medical management includes patient education, medications to relieve pain and muscles spasm, cortisone injection around the spinal cord (epidural injection), physical therapy (heat, massage, ultrasound, electrical stimulation), and rest (not strict bed rest, but avoiding re-injury).

With unrelenting pain, severe impairment of function, or incontinence (which can indicate spinal cord irritation), surgery may be necessary.

Surgery is indicated for complications only (e.g., for impingement-documented sciatica that is unresponsive to 2 days of absolute bed rest). The margins of vertebral bodies normally are smooth. Growth of new bone projecting horizontally at these margins identifies osteophytes. Most osteophytes are anterior or lateral in projection. Posterior vertebral osteophytes are less common and only rarely impinge upon the spinal cord or nerve roots. Surgery is not indicated if there is no complication. Tests like radiographs, CT scans, MRIs Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity are used only in the event of complications.

Role of Homeopathy in Lumbar Spondylosis, acute and chronic Low back pain:
Homeopathic medicines have no powers to revert structurally irreversible changes occurring in any tissue of the body. Homeopathic medicines are best for getting relief in symptoms of pain occurring in cases of acute and chronic low back pain. With homeopathic medicines we can not treat lumbar spondylosis or disc herniation occurring in lumbar spine. But in such situation pain control is achieved with greater safety from side effects and for a sustained period of time. Even after months of homeopathic treatment for low back pain which has resulted from disc herniation or some other mechanical cause the radiographs will continue to show the same structural alterations in spine but even in this situation the pain relief is experienced of far greater degree. Regular mobilizing and strengthening exercises are strongly recommended along with homeopathic medicines.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a problem with inattentiveness, over-activity, impulsivity, or a combination. For these problems to be diagnosed as ADHD, they must be out of the normal range for the child’s age and development. ADHD affects school performance and interpersonal relationships. Parents of children with ADHD are often exhausted and frustrated. Neuroimaging studies suggest that the brains of children with ADHD are different from those of other children. These children handle neurotransmitters (including dopamine, serotonin, and adrenalin) differently from their peers. ADHD is often genetic. Whatever the specific cause may be, it seems to be set in motion early in life as the brain is developing. Depression, sleep deprivation, learning disabilities, tic disorders, and behavior problems may be confused with, or appear along with, ADHD. Every child suspected of having ADHD deserves a careful evaluation to sort out exactly what is contributing to the behaviors causing concern. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood, affecting an estimated 3 – 5% of school aged children. It is diagnosed much more often in boys than in girls. Most children with ADHD also have at least one other developmental or behavioral problem.

The American Academy of Pediatrics has guidelines for treating ADHD:

• Set specific, appropriate target goals to guide therapy.
• Medication and behavior therapy should be started.
• When treatment has not met the target goals, evaluate the original diagnosis, the possible presence of other conditions, and how well the treatment plan has been implemented.
• Systematic follow-up is important to regularly reassess target goals, results, and any side effects of medications. Information should be gathered from parents, teachers, and the child.

Prognosis of ADHD:
ADHD is a long-term, chronic condition. About half of the children with ADHD will continue to have troublesome symptoms of inattention or impulsivity as adults. However, adults are often more capable of controlling behavior and masking difficulties. Statistics show that there is an increased incidence in juvenile delinquency and adult encounters with the law among individuals who had ADHD as a child. Every effort should be made to manage symptoms and direct the child’s energy to constructive and educational paths.

Role of Homeopathy in ADHD:
Homeopathy acts deeper in to the person’s life. Effects of homeopathic medicine are more on the life giving energy, the vital force than on the body and its parts. Homeopathy acts on that energy in our body which acts on genes and DNA. Right time of understanding the problem in person’s life and starting the treatment has far greater out come with homeopathy. ADHD child may have genetic cause and there may be functional and structural alteration in the brain of the child to suffer from ADHD, but strength of Homeopathy lies in influencing such illness by virtue of its actions on those channels in our body which directly or indirectly governs the function and structure of our body which is much beyond the level of not only cell but even the genes and DNA and RNA. Because these genes are also powered by the basic life energy. This life giving energy is dynamic and so are the Homeopathic medicines. We can’t see the power but we can experience its presence when we examine a living cell and dead cell. In cases of ADHD significant improvement is observed in the behavioral and intellectual performance of the child. Constitutional homeopathic treatment is the best possible approach which gives satisfactory results in cases of ADHD.

Along with Homeopathic management following care should also be taken

• Limit distractions in the child’s environment.
• Provide one-on-one instruction with teacher.
• Make sure the child gets enough sleep.
• Make sure the child gets a healthy, varied diet, with plenty of fiber and basic nutrients.
   

FAQ’s for ADHD
 

What is:
1. ADHD – Inattentive type is defined by an individual experiencing at least six of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
Individuals with ADHD may know what to do, but may not consistently do what they know because of their inability to efficiently stop and think prior to responding, regardless of the setting or task.

Characteristics of ADHD have been demonstrated to arise in early childhood for most individuals. This disorder is marked by chronic behaviours lasting at least six months with an onset often before seven years of age. At this time, four subtypes of ADHD have been defined. These include the following characteristics:

Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes.
Difficulty sustaining attention.
Does not appear to listen.
Struggles to follow through on instructions.
Difficulty with organization.
Avoids or dislikes requiring sustained mental effort.
Often loses things necessary for tasks.
Easily distracted.
Forgetful in daily activities.

2. ADHD – Hyperactive/Impulsive type is defined by an individual experiencing six of the following characteristics:
Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat.
Difficulty remaining seated.
Runs about or climbs excessively (in adults may be limited to subjective feelings of restlessness).
Difficulty engaging in activities quietly.
Acts as if driven by a motor.
Talks excessively.
Blurts out answers before questions have been completed.
Difficulty waiting in turns taking situations.
Interrupts or intrudes upon others

3. ADHD – Combined type is defined by an individual meeting both sets of attention and hyperactive/impulsive criteria.

4. ADHD – Not otherwise specified is defined by an individual who demonstrates some characteristics but an insufficient number of symptoms to reach a full diagnosis.
These symptoms, however, disrupt everyday life. Children and adults who have ADHD exhibit degrees of inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity that are abnormal for their ages. This can result in serious social problems, or impairment, of family relationships, success at school or work or in other life endeavors.
Children and adults can exhibit other psychiatric disorders, along with their ADHD symptoms. Most commonly, these include oppositional defiant or conduct disorder, along with or separate from internalizing disorders, such as anxiety and depression.

What are the causes of ADHD?
Experts have investigated genetic and environmental causes for ADHD. Some children may inherit a biochemical condition, which influences the expression of ADHD symptoms. Other children may acquire the condition due to abnormal fetal development, which has subtle effects on brain regions that control attention and movement.

Recently, scientists have uncovered research based on brain imaging to localize the brain areas involved in ADHD and have found that areas in the frontal lobe and basal ganglia are reduced by about 10 percent in size and activity in ADHD children.

Recent research based on genetic mechanisms has focused on dopamine as the primary neurotransmitter involved in ADHD. Dopamine pathways in the brain, which link the basal ganglia and frontal cortex, appear to play a major role in ADHD.

How is ADHD diagnosed?
While there is no biological or psychological test that makes a definitive diagnosis of ADHD, a diagnosis can be made based on one’s clinical history of abnormality and impairment.
An evaluation for ADHD will often include assessment of intellectual, academic, social and emotional functioning. Medical examination is also important to rule out low occurring but possible causes of ADHD like symptoms (e.g., adverse reaction to medications, thyroid problems, etc.). The diagnostic process must also include gathering data from teachers as well as other adults who may interact on a routine basis with the individual being evaluated.

It is even more important in the ADHD adult diagnostic process to obtain a careful history of childhood, academic, behavioral and vocational problems. With the increased recognition that ADHD is a disorder presenting throughout the life span, questionnaires and related diagnostic tools for the assessment of adult

ADHD have been standardized and are increasingly available.

ADHD diagnoses are based on a person having three different symptoms. The full syndrome is diagnosed when at least six symptoms from both sets of subtypes (above) are present. Partial syndromes, which are predominantly inattentive or hyperactivity/impulsivity subtypes, are diagnosed when six or more symptoms are present from just one set.

How is ADHD treated?
There are two modalities of treatment that specifically target symptoms of ADHD. One uses medication and the other is a non-medical treatment with psychosocial interventions. The combination of these treatments is called multimodality treatment.

Treating ADHD in children requires a coordinated effort between medical, mental health and educational professionals in conjunction with parents. This combined set of treatments offered by a variety of individuals is referred to as multi-modal intervention. A multi-modal treatment program should include: . Parent training concerning the nature of ADHD as well as effective behavior management strategies . An appropriate educational program . Individual and family counseling, when needed, to minimize the escalation of family problems . Medication when required

Behavior modification techniques have been used to treat the behavioral symptoms of ADHD for more than a quarter of a century. A summary of the literature on trials that have validated the efficacy of this approach shows that, in many cases, behavior modification alone has not been sufficient to address severe symptoms of ADHD.

Classroom success for children with ADHD often requires a range of interventions. Most children with ADHD can be taught in the regular classroom with either minor adjustments in the classroom setting, the addition of support personnel, and/or special education programs provided outside of the classroom. The most severely affected children with ADHD often experience a number of occurring problems and require specialized classrooms.

Alzheimer Disease is the most common cause of dementia (loss of memory), which is an acquired (not present since birth) intellectual and behavioral impairment of sever intensity to significantly interfere with social and occupational functioning of an individual. The cause of Alzheimer disease is unknown. The existing research on the illness suggests that most cases of Alzheimer disease are caused by converging risk factors that include advancing age, head injury, and lipoprotein E-epsilon 4 genotype among other risk factors that appear to trigger the illness. Treatment of Alzheimer disease is based on developing theories of its cause and on the need to alleviate its cognitive (intellectual) and behavioral manifestations. To date, no interventions have been shown to convincingly prevent Alzheimer disease or slow its progression. Medical treatments for Alzheimer disease include psychotropic medications and behavioral interventions, cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and the avoidance of centrally acting anticholinergic medications, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, and other and new therapeutic interventions.

Role of Homeopathy in Alzheimer disease:
Homeopathy has a very special advantage over conventional approach in the treatment of this illness. Homeopathy can help restrict the progress of the disease if the treatment is started in the early phase. Nevertheless homeopathy can benefit the person suffering from this illness in reducing the symptom severity. In other sense if not cure homeopathy can definitely give relief in the symptoms without any side effects of the medicine which is usually the case with conventional medicines. Along with homeopathic medicine behavioral therapy may enhance the outcome of the treatment of people suffering from Alzheimer disease.

The sinusitis is of two types:

• Acute Sinusitis
• Chronic Sinusitis

Acute Sinusitis develops when the mucous membranes of your upper respiratory tract — the nose, pharynx, sinuses and throat become inflamed. The swelling obstructs the sinus openings and prevents mucus from draining normally. This creates a moist environment conducive to infection. Most colds resolve with time, but few develop into acute sinusitis. The cause of sinusitis is most often viral, such as the common cold virus, but the cause can also be bacterial or fungal. When an upper respiratory tract infection persists longer than 14 days, it’s more likely a bacterial cause than a viral cause. Untreated acute sinusitis can lead to more-serious infections or become a chronic condition. However, most cases are short-lived. When symptoms last less than four weeks, the sinusitis is considered acute.

Causes other than infection:

• Allergies: Inflammation that occurs with allergies may block your sinuses.
• Deviated nasal septum: A crooked septum, the wall between the nostrils, may restrict or block sinus passages.
• Nasal polyps: These tissue growths may restrict the nasal passages.
• Other medical conditions: The complications of cystic fibrosis, gastroesophageal reflux, or HIV and other immunodeficiency diseases may result in nasal blockage.

Signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis:

• Pain around nose, eyes, forehead and cheeks Fever and fatigue
• Redness of the skin over the sinus area around nose
• Congestion and stuffiness inside the nose
• Difficulty breathing through nose
• Reduced sense of smell or taste
• Dry cough or cough with yellow expectoration which drains from nose and come out of mouth (post nasal drip – PND)
• Nausea

Following complication may occur in Acute Sinusitis:

• Chronic sinusitis
• Acute Asthma
• Meningitis
• Vision problems
• Aneurysms or blood clots

Chronic sinusitis is different from acute sinusitis. In chronic sinusitis the duration of illness is longer (more than 8 weeks). The changes that are observed in the sinus cavity are those of chronic inflammation. The inflammation causes accumulation of fluid in the sinus cavity which over a period of time blocks the free flow of air and free clearance of mucus.

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis:

• Difficulty breathing through the nose,
• Frequent headaches
• Tenderness in the face or
• Pain behind the eyes.
• Yellow or greenish discharge from your nose or drainage down the back of your throat.

Chronic sinusitis can be caused by:

• Infections of the upper respiratory tract the nose, pharynx, sinuses and throat
• Allergies
• Anatomical problems like deviated nasal septum
• Mold or fungi in the sinuses.
• Most cases of sinusitis are acute, meaning they resolve in less than two weeks. However, when the condition recurs or endures longer than 8 consecutive weeks, it is thought to be chronic sinusitis.

  Role of Homeopathy in Sinusitis:
  Homeopathy resolves cases of sinusitis very effectively at all stages. Homeopathy works best for acute as well as chronic cases of sinusitis. The control in pain, nasal discharges, difficult breathing, and frequency of attack is achieved with success rate of 90% the duration of treatment for acute cases of sinusitis is maximum 2 weeks. Treatment duration of chronic sinusitis depends upon the cause, stage of illness and other treatment tried by the patient. If patient has undergone corrective surgery for deviated nasal septum than the response to homeopathic treatment is comparatively slow and duration of treatment is also long. In cases where the cause of sinusitis is allergy and patient is put on steroid sprays or oral steroids to control allergy than the treatment duration is long and response to the treatment is slow. Nevertheless in all situations good improvement on intensity and frequency of attacks is assured. Long term to permanent freedom from sinusitis is the goal of homeopathic treatment.

Role of Homeopathy in Osteoarthritis:
Homeopathy has a principle of reliving the symptoms on the basis of fixed principles. The action of homeopathic medicines takes place on the law of action which is equal and opposite. Whenever homeopathic medicines are administered to a patient he experiences relief in the symptoms only if the selected remedy is similar to the patient and the disease in many aspects. The similarity is essential at the level of temperament of the patient, similarity is necessary at the level of physical constitution of the patient. The similarity is also necessary at the level of stage of disease and the remedy should be able to produce effect at a deeper level in the constitution. When such remedy is selected which is exactly similar to the patient and his illness than the selected remedy is able to give maximum relief to the patient. The stage of osteoarthritis and extent of degenerative changes in the bones will decide the outcome and treatment strategy in a case of osteoarthritis. Some cases which have not advanced in to significant damage to the structures of the joint, and restriction of movement is not very severe favorable out come may be expected. The cases in which the degenerative changes are significant curative action is not possible with homeopathy. In such conditions homeopathy offers excellent remedies which gives considerable pain control. Patients are not required to take strong pain killers whose effects last for few hours. And one can’t avoid the side effects of these pain killers. Homeopathic medicines are absolutely safe for a long time use.

The following symptoms are common in Irritable Bowel Syndrome:

• Abdominal pain which is better after bowel movements
• diarrhea alternating with constipation
• Increased frequency of stool or
• Alteration in consistency of stool
• flatulence
• mucus during or after passing stool
• Abdominal distension

Many people have already modified their diets before seeing a doctor. Temporarily avoiding dairy products may help assess whether symptoms of lactose intolerance are mimicking those of irritable bowel syndrome. Certain foods, such as cruciferous vegetables (cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, brussels sprouts) and legumes (beans) may worsen bloating and flatulence

• Maintaining good physical fitness improves bowel function and helps reduce stress.
• Stop smoking
• Avoid coffee and spicy foods
• Reduce alcohol consumption

Because irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic disease, symptoms usually return from time to time. This may be influenced by factors such as stress, diet, or other environmental causes. Multiple factors may play a role in aggravating IBS, so it may be difficult to predict which may make IBS worse for a particular person. Establishing a good relationship with a doctor may help alleviate concerns over symptoms and allow rapid recognition of changing or worsening symptoms.

Most people with IBS find signs and symptoms improve as they learn to control the condition. Only a small percentage of people with irritable bowel syndrome have severe signs and symptoms.

Fortunately, unlike more serious intestinal diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome doesn’t cause inflammation or changes in bowel tissue or increase risk of cancer. In many cases, we can control irritable bowel syndrome by managing diet, lifestyle and stress.

Many people may have mild signs and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. But sometimes these problems can be disabling, however. In some cases, the signs and symptoms may become severe. Because symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome can be present with other diseases, it’s best to discuss these symptoms with the doctor. For most people, IBS is a chronic condition, although there will likely be times when the signs and symptoms are worse and times when they improve or even disappear completely.

For reasons that still aren’t clear, someone with IBS may react strongly to stimuli that don’t bother other people. Exciting factors for IBS can range from gas or pressure on intestines to certain foods, medications or emotions. For example:

• Foods: chocolate, milk, alcohol, carbonated beverages, farinaceous food, some fruits and vegetables
• Stress: signs and symptoms are worse or more frequent during stressful events, such as a change in daily routine or family arguments
• Other illnesses: Sometimes another illness, such as an acute episode of infectious diarrhea (gastroenteritis), can trigger IBS.

Many people have occasional signs and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, but are more likely to have IBS if they are young and female. IBS usually begins before the age of 35 in most of the cases. Heredity also may play a role.

Anyone can experience digestive upset from worry or anxiety. But in irritable bowel syndrome, stress-related problems such as abdominal pain and diarrhea tend to occur with greater frequency and intensity. Finding ways to deal with stress may be helpful in preventing or aggravation of symptoms: Following are other ways of getting relief in complains of irritable bowel syndrome:

• Counseling
• Biofeedback
• Regular stress relieving exercises
• PRANAYAM
• Hypnosis
• Meditation
• YOGA

In many cases, simple changes in diet and lifestyle can provide relief from irritable bowel syndrome. Although body may not respond immediately to these changes, the goal is to find long-term, not temporary, solutions:

• Increase fiber diet
• Avoid foods that cause the symptoms to worsen
• Maintain regular time of eating
• Avoid prolong fasting
• Avoid dairy products if they are known to cause symptoms of indigestion
• Drink enough water
• Do exercise regularly

Role of Homeopathy in Irritable Bowel Syndrome:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome is most of the times found associated with stress and intolerance of selective food items. These food items may very from person to person. Homeopathy has greater success in managing cases of Irritable Bowel Syndrome for many reasons. Homeopathic approach to a chronic case has lot of psychological exploration of the patients in order to arrive at a right remedy for the person. These methods of investigation help in select6ing most suitable remedy for the person. Besides the action of right remedy which is selected very carefully, patient’s experience of talking out their inner feeling states with the homeopathic physician also plays an important role in the successful treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Other sense homeopathic physician plays a role of councilor during treatment of such chronic illness which is certainly made worse on account of stress. Besides this homeopathic medicines are safe and effective. It works without producing any side effects. Patients can avoid side effects arising from the long term use of conventional treatment.

Less common causes of HCV transmission include the following:

• From mother to infant at the time of childbirth
• Through sexual intercourse with an infected person
• Having multiple sex partners
• Needle sticks with HCV-contaminated blood
• Sharing a razor, nail clippers, or other such items with an infected person.

Hepatitis C is a virus that often silently attacks our liver. Most people infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) have no symptoms at all. In fact, most people don’t know they have the disease until liver damage shows up, decades later, during routine medical tests. Hepatitis C is one of six identified hepatitis viruses. The others are A, B, D, E and G. All cause the liver to become inflamed, which interferes with its ability to function.

Hepatitis C is generally considered to be among the most serious of these viruses. Over time, if you have a hepatitis C infection, it can lead to liver cancer, liver failure or cirrhosis which is an irreversible and potentially fatal scarring of the liver. There is no vaccine for hepatitis C. Researchers hope to find a medication that will slow or stop the growth of the virus and prevent long-term complications, such as cirrhosis and cancer, from developing.

Early-stage signs and symptoms:

• Slight fatigue
• Nausea or poor appetite
• Muscle and joint pains
• Tenderness in the area of your liver

Later stage signs and symptoms:

• Fatigue
• Lack of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Persistent or recurring yellowing of your skin and eyes (jaundice)
• Low-grade fever

Hepatitis C can cause damage to our liver, even if we don’t have symptoms. We are also able to pass the virus to others without having any symptoms our self. That’s why it’s important to be tested if we think we have been exposed to hepatitis C or if you engage in behavior that puts you at risk.

A small number of people infected with hepatitis C fight off the virus on their own without any permanent damage. For the rest, the disease settles in and slowly attacks the liver, although even then, the course of the disease can vary greatly from person to person. Most people infected with HCV develop chronic hepatitis. Some people infected with hepatitis C develop cirrhosis, usually within 20 to 30 years after infection. This risk is higher and the progression is faster if you also have HIV infection. Of those who develop cirrhosis, the risk of developing liver failure is about 4 percent a year. In addition, between 1 percent and 5 percent of people with HCV eventually develop liver cancer. HCV also may increase the risk of developing several types of lymphatic system cancers (lymphomas). The risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, for example, may increase by 20 percent to 30 percent. The hepatitis C virus is linked to an increased risk of porphyria cutanea tarda, a condition that may cause a blistering rash, to cryoglobulinemia, which can cause a purplish rash (purpura) on your lower extremities, and may cause kidney damage.

Because no effective vaccine for hepatitis C exists, the only way to protect is to avoid becoming infected by taking following care:

• Avoid illegal drug use.
• Avoid body piercing and tattooing.
• Avoid risky sexual behavior.

Following measures will help keep you healthy longer and protect the health of others as well:

• Eliminate alcohol consumption.
• Avoid medications that may cause liver damage.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle.
• Help prevent others from coming in contact with your blood.

Role of Homeopathy in Hepatitis C:
In cases of hepatitis C the treatment objectives are much focused. If the patient has some symptoms like fatigues and ague after starting the treatment patients finds relief in such symptoms. Apart from this the main target is to slow down the process of liver damage by means of avoiding life style which increases liver damage. Second step is to strengthen immunity by constitutional homeopathic treatment approach.